Difference between revisions of "Discourse & Identity III (Discussion)"

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==''Television'' on the study of race and ethnicity==
 
==''Television'' on the study of race and ethnicity==
*'''Group 4:''' Sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant reject the idea of racial '''essentialism''' and propose an approach based instead on a '''racial formation'''. Explain these concepts and compare them to the "gender identity" approach we discussed last week. Is there anything in the ''[[Wikipedia:Girlfriends|Girlfriends]]'', ''[[Wikipedia:Fresh Off the Boat|Fresh Off the Boat]]'', or ''[[Wikipedia:Black-ish|black-ish]]'' episodes we watched that helps explain these concepts?
+
*'''Group 1:''' Sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant reject the idea of racial '''essentialism''' and propose an approach based instead on a '''racial formation'''. Explain these concepts and compare them to the "gender identity" approach we discussed last week. Is there anything in the ''[[Wikipedia:Girlfriends|Girlfriends]]'' episode we watched that helps explain these concepts?
 
*Herman Gray identifies three African-American discourses in TV.  
 
*Herman Gray identifies three African-American discourses in TV.  
*#'''Groups 5 & 1:''' Explain what he means by the '''assimilationist''' category and why he puts ''Designing Women'' into it. Should the ''Fresh Off the Boat'' and ''black-ish'' episodes we watched be put in this category? Why or why not?
+
*#'''Group 2:''' Explain what he means by the '''assimilationist''' category and why he puts ''Designing Women'' into it. Should the ''Girlfriends'' episode we watched be put in this category? Why or why not?
*#'''Groups 6 & 2:'''  Explain what he means by the '''pluralist''' category and why he puts ''Girlfriends'' into it. Should the ''Fresh Off the Boat'' and ''black-ish'' episodes we watched be put in this category? Why or why not?
+
*#'''Group 3:'''  Explain what he means by the '''pluralist''' category and why he puts ''Girlfriends'' into it. Why or why not?
*#'''Group 3:'''  Explain what he means by the '''multiculturalist'''. Should the ''Fresh Off the Boat'' and ''black-ish'' episodes we watched be put in this category? Why or why not?
+
*#'''Group 4:'''  Explain what he means by the '''multiculturalist'''. Should the ''Girlfriends'' episode we watched be put in this category? Why or why not?
  
 
==Beretta Smith-Shomade==
 
==Beretta Smith-Shomade==
Beretta Smith-Shomade (pronounced "show-ma-day") examines "four intertwined elements in [1990s] television comedy that define and give meaning to Black women's representation there: work roles, characterization, class, and identity" (48). Each group should consider one key aspect of these elements and discuss how the 21st-century sitcoms we viewed—''Girlfriends'' (2000-2008), ''Fresh Off the Boat'' (2015-), and ''black-ish'' (2014-)—illustrate that aspect (or don't).
+
Beretta Smith-Shomade (pronounced "show-ma-day") examines "four intertwined elements in [1990s] television comedy that define and give meaning to Black women's representation there: work roles, characterization, class, and identity" (48). Each group should consider one key aspect of these elements and discuss how ''Girlfriends'' illustrate that aspect (or doesn't).
  
*'''Group 4:''' work and class
+
*'''Group 1:''' work and class. When Joan snoops in Marcus's apartment, she notes music by John Coltrane and Macy Gray and a novel by Walter Mosley. What do these allusions tell you about Marcus's social class? Also, elsewhere in the episode there are allusions to the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, Nelson Mandela, and Rainbow/PUSH. Each is a significant allusion within black culture. What/who are they?
*'''Groups 5 & 1:''' identity: language
+
**The items in Marcus' apartment allude that he is well-off, cultured, and educated. They represent a higher class because many working class individuals may not be interested in those matters.
*'''Groups 6 & 2:''' identity: skin shade
+
**The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment subjected many black men to the disease without proper treatment or information before the experiment. This contributed to a growing mistrust between the black community and medical professionals.
*'''Group 3:''' identity: hair
+
**Nelson Mandela was jailed for 27 years in South Africa for fighting to end apartheid. This represents racial injustice around the world.
*'''All groups:''' characterization (i.e., conventional roles and stereotypes). Do ''Girlfriends'' and ''black-ish'' rely on African-American stereotypes? E.g., "mammy," "sapphire," "tragic mulatto," etc. Does ''Fresh Off the Boat'' rely on Asian (specifically, Chinese) stereotypes?
+
**Rainbow/PUSH is a non-profit intended to empower black individuals within government positions. PUSH stands for People United to Serve Humanity.
 +
*'''Group 2:''' identity: language. How does the way they speak define black characters? What differences do you hear in the ''Girlfriends'' characters' speech?
 +
**Many of the times when the characters spoke to each other it was in a very personal and honest way so it implies a level of realness and comradery within black characters. One example of this was when the black women and even other black men in the show would call black men “brothers” even without knowing them. Also, another aspect of the way they spoke was that they made many references to black celebrities and black culture which added a layer of community to the already diverse cast. In terms of the differences in the character's speech, Joan had a more calm tone and was more reserved and logical in her speech but Maya spoke pretty quickly, used more slang, and was more spirited than some of the other characters.
 +
*'''Group 3:''' identity: skin shade. How does skin shade define black characters? Describe how this episode directly addresses this issue in the black community. Is there a moral to this story?
 +
**Skin shade in the show made some characters more or less appealing to others. For instance, a man with a darker skin shade was too black for one of the women. This lead to a black is beautiful talk by one of her friends because the darker-skinned woman thought she had to work harder to be beautiful and that she could not marry a darker man because her children would be even darker. One of the women had a lighter skin tone due to being half black and because of this she was forbidden to weigh in on the skin tone conversation by the darker-skinned woman.
 +
**The moral seems to be that a person should accept themselves and not put societal pressure on themselves to look or act a certain way. They should see themselves as beautiful and not worry about what others will think (although they still made fun of the boyfriend with wide hips, but that did not seem to be a part of the main message about race).
 +
*'''Group 4:''' identity: hair. How do hair styles define black characters? What hair-style differences do you see in the ''Girlfriends'' characters and what do they tell you about Toni, Maya, Joan, and Lynn?
 +
**Lynn had the longest hair which was loose and comparatively more wild.This is indicative of her more wild personality. Also may relate to her identity as a woman of mixed race
 +
**Joan has shorter hair which relates to her professionalism and success in the workplace.
 +
**Maya has dyed her which represents her sassy and fun personality
 +
**Toni's straightened short hair relates to the value she places in her appearance. May also relate to her internal struggles due to her race and skin tone
 +
 
 +
*'''All groups (if time permits):''' characterization (i.e., conventional roles and stereotypes). Does ''Girlfriends'' rely on African-American stereotypes? E.g., "mammy," "sapphire," "tragic mulatto," etc.
 +
**'''Group 1:''' ''Girlfriends'' relies on concepts of black identity and culture. The stereotypes are present, but they are not reinforced. Much of the comedy pokes at stereotypes, and racial commentary and conflict is a definitive aspect of the show.
 +
**'''Group 2:''' From what we could tell, the show did not rely on stereotypes or conventional roles to portray a point or as the but of a joke. For the most part, we felt as though the show tried its best to portray everyone as having their own degree of originality and depth.
 +
**'''Group 3:''' It references many stereotypes but it usually is in passing and does not lean into any one in particular that we noticed. For instance, the watermelon joke in the show was a reference to a stereotype, but then the characters moved on and it was not brought up again. While there were many heated debates, we did not feel like none of the characters fit the "sapphire" stereotype because there were not malicious in their intentions just opinionated and concerned friends.
  
 
==Casts==
 
==Casts==
 
===''Girlfriends''===
 
===''Girlfriends''===
 +
<gallery mode="packed" heights=200px>
 +
File:Girlfriends20001002qq00 01 26qq00017.jpg|alt=Screenshot from Girlfriends.|''Girlfriends'' credits. From left: Toni, Maya, Joan, & Lynn.
 +
File:Girlfriends20001002qq00 01 30qq00020.jpg|alt=Screenshot from Girlfriends.|Joan.
 +
File:Girlfriends20001002qq00 01 31qq00022.jpg|alt=Screenshot from Girlfriends.|Maya.
 +
File:Girlfriends20001002qq00 01 36qq00007.jpg|alt=Screenshot from Girlfriends.|Lynn.
 +
File:Girlfriends20001002qq00 01 39qq00010.jpg|alt=Screenshot from Girlfriends.|Toni.
 +
File:Girlfriends20001002qq00 01 41qq00034.jpg|alt=Screenshot from Girlfriends.|William.
 +
</gallery>
 +
 
*William Dent ([[Wikipedia:Reggie Hayes|Reggie Hayes]])
 
*William Dent ([[Wikipedia:Reggie Hayes|Reggie Hayes]])
 
*Toni Childs ([[Wikipedia:Jill Marie Jones|Jill Marie Jones]])
 
*Toni Childs ([[Wikipedia:Jill Marie Jones|Jill Marie Jones]])
Line 22: Line 46:
 
*Joan Clayton ([[Wikipedia:Tracee Ellis Ross|Tracee Ellis Ross]])
 
*Joan Clayton ([[Wikipedia:Tracee Ellis Ross|Tracee Ellis Ross]])
 
*Lynn Searcy ([[Wikipedia:Persia White|Persia White]])
 
*Lynn Searcy ([[Wikipedia:Persia White|Persia White]])
 +
*Marcus Stokes ([[Wikipedia:Rodney Van Johnson|Rodney Van Johnson]])
  
 
===''Fresh Off the Boat''===
 
===''Fresh Off the Boat''===
Line 50: Line 75:
 
*#Third-wave feminism
 
*#Third-wave feminism
 
*Which of these approaches did you find the most useful way to analyze identity? Why? Which was the least useful? Why?
 
*Which of these approaches did you find the most useful way to analyze identity? Why? Which was the least useful? Why?
**Email your answers to jbutler@ua.edu.
 
**All responses received by 11:59 p.m. Tuesday, 12/11, will earn one extra credit point on the exam.
 
**The two most thoughtful responses will earn two extra credit points on the exam and will be posted here.
 
**#'''Will Barham:''' I believe the best way of understanding race and discourses through the scope of television is through the third bullet point: Gender Identity and the closely related Racial Formation. Racial Formation in particular is a term I had not heard before this class, but after understanding its meaning and applying it to these varying shows I am able to see how it affects the real world around me and television as a whole. We aren't specifically attempting to understand just race as it relates to television, but Identity as it relates to it. How do these racial differences and tensions that exist in our own world make their way onto the various media platforms we use? These ideas and analysis's are one way to start breaking that down. We can explore through the Gender Identities and Racial formations that exist outside the tv realm, how television has broken the mold of the world we lived in or played straight into it. In most cases it is a nice mix of the two. Clearly with earlier tv these discourses were more prevalent. Television was basically marketed to different groups based upon the race of the actors and creators. As this has begun to change, due to the progression of our "free thinking" society, these discourses have begun to change as well. We see less of this separation (Pluralist) form of tv shows and more of a assimilation style format. We can still use the varying techniques to analyze these shows though. Because sometimes these Racial Formation's may still exist. Even in the newer shows like ''Black-ish'' or ''Fresh off the Boat'' we still see these elements. The question becomes will this ever change? We can continue to analyze it and study the differences between race in television, but will we ever reach peak diversity? That would come when these questions did not even need to be asked.
 
**#'''Grant White:'''I think looking at the identity of gender and race/ethnicity through the lens of Stereotyping is the most useful approach for analysis. For many instances, stereotypes are the statements that the show or medium is trying to fight. ''Fresh Off the Boat'' undercuts the stereotype of the wise Asian elder by making the elder figure of the comedy a criminally-minded kleptomaniac; this both adds a comedic layer to the show and provides evidence against the common stereotype, perhaps helping to break it down. ''Girlfriends''’ use of a black character (Maya) with a “ghetto” personality (one that is stereotypically assigned to all black people) shows that it is aware of the presence of such a stereotype, yet it also undermines it by having 3 other black main characters who have varying and offsetting personalities; Joan’s role in the show as having a high-standard job typically associated with “whiteness” is the most obvious undercut to the stereotype. When we analyze by looking at stereotypes, we can more easily find the roots of the arguments that racially-centered shows are trying to establish.
 
**#*I think the least useful way to analyze identity is through the lens of a third-wave feminist. It is useful to see differences between second-wave and third-wave feminist ideals, which would be clear to see when using those two lenses on Madonna’s ''Justify My Love'' music video. But aside from differing it from previous iterations of feminism, I do not see how that analytical lens could be more beneficial than the other approaches.
 
  
 
== Bibliography ==
 
== Bibliography ==
Line 63: Line 82:
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jeremy_Butler/Books/Discourse_and_Identity:_Race Wikipedia book: ''Girlfriends'' allusions]
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jeremy_Butler/Books/Discourse_and_Identity:_Race Wikipedia book: ''Girlfriends'' allusions]
*[http://www.tcf.ua.edu/Classes/Jbutler/T311/Girlfriends/ ''Girlfriends'' illustrations]
+
*[https://tvcrit.org/Classes/Jbutler/T311/Girlfriends/ ''Girlfriends'' illustrations]
*"Infanity: Girlfriends," tour of the ''Girlfriends'' set by Persia White, [http://www.tcf.ua.edu/EO/DV/White_Persia_Girlfriends.php local copy]
+
*"Infanity: Girlfriends," tour of the ''Girlfriends'' set by Persia White, [https://tvcrit.org/EO/DV/White_Persia_Girlfriends.php local copy]
  
 +
[[Category:BUI301]]
 +
[[Category:BUI301 Discussion]]
 
[[Category:JCM311]]
 
[[Category:JCM311]]
 
[[Category:JCM311 Discussion]]
 
[[Category:JCM311 Discussion]]

Latest revision as of 22:05, 7 December 2020

Television on the study of race and ethnicity

  • Group 1: Sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant reject the idea of racial essentialism and propose an approach based instead on a racial formation. Explain these concepts and compare them to the "gender identity" approach we discussed last week. Is there anything in the Girlfriends episode we watched that helps explain these concepts?
  • Herman Gray identifies three African-American discourses in TV.
    1. Group 2: Explain what he means by the assimilationist category and why he puts Designing Women into it. Should the Girlfriends episode we watched be put in this category? Why or why not?
    2. Group 3: Explain what he means by the pluralist category and why he puts Girlfriends into it. Why or why not?
    3. Group 4: Explain what he means by the multiculturalist. Should the Girlfriends episode we watched be put in this category? Why or why not?

Beretta Smith-Shomade

Beretta Smith-Shomade (pronounced "show-ma-day") examines "four intertwined elements in [1990s] television comedy that define and give meaning to Black women's representation there: work roles, characterization, class, and identity" (48). Each group should consider one key aspect of these elements and discuss how Girlfriends illustrate that aspect (or doesn't).

  • Group 1: work and class. When Joan snoops in Marcus's apartment, she notes music by John Coltrane and Macy Gray and a novel by Walter Mosley. What do these allusions tell you about Marcus's social class? Also, elsewhere in the episode there are allusions to the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, Nelson Mandela, and Rainbow/PUSH. Each is a significant allusion within black culture. What/who are they?
    • The items in Marcus' apartment allude that he is well-off, cultured, and educated. They represent a higher class because many working class individuals may not be interested in those matters.
    • The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment subjected many black men to the disease without proper treatment or information before the experiment. This contributed to a growing mistrust between the black community and medical professionals.
    • Nelson Mandela was jailed for 27 years in South Africa for fighting to end apartheid. This represents racial injustice around the world.
    • Rainbow/PUSH is a non-profit intended to empower black individuals within government positions. PUSH stands for People United to Serve Humanity.
  • Group 2: identity: language. How does the way they speak define black characters? What differences do you hear in the Girlfriends characters' speech?
    • Many of the times when the characters spoke to each other it was in a very personal and honest way so it implies a level of realness and comradery within black characters. One example of this was when the black women and even other black men in the show would call black men “brothers” even without knowing them. Also, another aspect of the way they spoke was that they made many references to black celebrities and black culture which added a layer of community to the already diverse cast. In terms of the differences in the character's speech, Joan had a more calm tone and was more reserved and logical in her speech but Maya spoke pretty quickly, used more slang, and was more spirited than some of the other characters.
  • Group 3: identity: skin shade. How does skin shade define black characters? Describe how this episode directly addresses this issue in the black community. Is there a moral to this story?
    • Skin shade in the show made some characters more or less appealing to others. For instance, a man with a darker skin shade was too black for one of the women. This lead to a black is beautiful talk by one of her friends because the darker-skinned woman thought she had to work harder to be beautiful and that she could not marry a darker man because her children would be even darker. One of the women had a lighter skin tone due to being half black and because of this she was forbidden to weigh in on the skin tone conversation by the darker-skinned woman.
    • The moral seems to be that a person should accept themselves and not put societal pressure on themselves to look or act a certain way. They should see themselves as beautiful and not worry about what others will think (although they still made fun of the boyfriend with wide hips, but that did not seem to be a part of the main message about race).
  • Group 4: identity: hair. How do hair styles define black characters? What hair-style differences do you see in the Girlfriends characters and what do they tell you about Toni, Maya, Joan, and Lynn?
    • Lynn had the longest hair which was loose and comparatively more wild.This is indicative of her more wild personality. Also may relate to her identity as a woman of mixed race
    • Joan has shorter hair which relates to her professionalism and success in the workplace.
    • Maya has dyed her which represents her sassy and fun personality
    • Toni's straightened short hair relates to the value she places in her appearance. May also relate to her internal struggles due to her race and skin tone
  • All groups (if time permits): characterization (i.e., conventional roles and stereotypes). Does Girlfriends rely on African-American stereotypes? E.g., "mammy," "sapphire," "tragic mulatto," etc.
    • Group 1: Girlfriends relies on concepts of black identity and culture. The stereotypes are present, but they are not reinforced. Much of the comedy pokes at stereotypes, and racial commentary and conflict is a definitive aspect of the show.
    • Group 2: From what we could tell, the show did not rely on stereotypes or conventional roles to portray a point or as the but of a joke. For the most part, we felt as though the show tried its best to portray everyone as having their own degree of originality and depth.
    • Group 3: It references many stereotypes but it usually is in passing and does not lean into any one in particular that we noticed. For instance, the watermelon joke in the show was a reference to a stereotype, but then the characters moved on and it was not brought up again. While there were many heated debates, we did not feel like none of the characters fit the "sapphire" stereotype because there were not malicious in their intentions just opinionated and concerned friends.

Casts

Girlfriends

Fresh Off the Boat

  • Eddie Huang (Hudson Yang)
  • Louis Huang (Randall Park)
  • Jessica Huang (Constance Wu)
  • Emery Huang (Forrest Wheeler)
  • Evan Huang (Ian Chen)
  • Grandma Jenny Huang (Lucille Soong)

black-ish

  • Andre "Dre" Johnson Sr. (Anthony Anderson)
  • Dr. Rainbow "Bow" Johnson (Tracee Ellis Ross)
  • Zoey Johnson (Yara Shahidi)
  • Andre ("Junior") Johnson Jr. (Marcus Scribner)
  • Jack Johnson (Miles Brown)
  • Diane Johnson (Marsai Martin)
  • Ruby Johnson (Jenifer Lewis)
  • Earl "Pops" Johnson (Laurence Fishburne)
  • Josh Oppenhol (Jeff Meacham)
  • Leslie Stevens (Peter Mackenzie)

All groups

  • We've looked at identity (gender and race/ethnicity) through the lenses of:
    1. Stereotyping of women, races, and ethnicities ("Images of women" and "Images of race/ethnicity")
    2. Gendered viewing and raced viewing
    3. Gender identity and the closely related concept of racial formation
    4. Third-wave feminism
  • Which of these approaches did you find the most useful way to analyze identity? Why? Which was the least useful? Why?

Bibliography

  1. Jeremy G. Butler, Television: Visual Storytelling and Screen Culture (NY: Routledge, 2018).
  2. Beretta E. Smith-Shomade, “Laughing Out Loud: Negras Negotiating Situation Comedy,” Shaded Lives: African-American Women and Television (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002), 24-68.

External links