Difference between revisions of "TCF112/The Breakdown of Hollywood Classicism"

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(Created page with "==The Arrival of Sound== *;The Jazz Singer (1927) **Al Jolson *;A backwards step for film art **Studio productions (no location work) **Fewer close-ups **Little or no camera ...")
 
Screenpedia>TCFadmin
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==The Arrival of Sound==
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==Drastically declining profits==
  
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*;The Jazz Singer (1927)
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*Studios combined profits:
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**Al Jolson
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**1946 $121 million
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*;A backwards step for film art
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**1956 $32 million
−
**Studio productions (no location work)
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*Actors under contract
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**Fewer close-ups
+
**1947 742
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**Little or no camera movement
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**1956 229
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**Dialogue heavy
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==Cause of the Decline==
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**No post-production mixing
 
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***3 stages of production
 
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***#Pre-production
 
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***#"Production"
 
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***#Post-Production
 
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==Narrative structure==
 
  
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*;Production Code (1934)
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#"Baby Boom"
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*;Conventional narrative structure
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#*1945-60
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**One or two protagonists
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#Paramount Case
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**Desire catylizes story
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#*Hollywood film industry divided into:
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**Antagonist
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#**Production
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**Cause-effect chain
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#**Distribution
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***A causes B (effect)
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#**Exhibition
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***B causes C (effect)
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#**Which was vertically integrated
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***C causes D
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#*Major studios:
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**Closure
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#**MGM, Paramount, RKO, 20th Century-Fox, Warners
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==Visual Style==
+
#*Minor studios:
 +
#**Columbia, Universal, UA
 +
#*For current studios, see "Box Office Report "
 +
#*1948 Supreme Court orders "divorcement"
 +
#**Encourages "independent" production
 +
#***1958: 65% of US films created by indies
 +
#House Un-American Activities Comm.--HUAC
 +
#*1947 Investigations begun into presumed communist activities
 +
#**"Hollywood 10" refused to cooperate
 +
#**Studios initially resisted HUAC, but soon caved in
 +
#*1951 HUAC returned
 +
#**90 persons testified
 +
#**"Naming names"
 +
#**Blacklisting began
 +
#Rise of TV
 +
#*1947 14,000 TV sets in US
 +
#*1948 172,000
 +
#*1949 1,000,000
 +
#*1950 4,000,000
 +
#*End of '50s: 90% of US homes
 +
==Response to and Effects of the Decline==
  
−
*;Three-Point Lighting
+
#Technological innovations
−
**Key, Fill and Back Lights
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##3-D
−
*;The Continuity Editing System ("invisible" editing)
+
##Color
−
**The 180 Degree Rule
+
##*1935 Becky Sharp
−
***Axis of action
+
##**First 3-color Technicolor feature film
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***Screen direction
+
##*1950s inexpensive Eastmancolor developed
−
**Shot-counter shot
+
##Stereo sound
−
**Match cuts
+
##Widescreen aspect ratios
−
***Match-on-action
+
##*Academy Ratio = 3 to 4
−
***Eyeline match
+
##**Same as TV
 +
##**1 to 1.33333333... or
 +
##**1.33
 +
##*Cinerama
 +
##**Three-projector system
 +
##*CinemaScope--20th Century-Fox
 +
##**Anamorphic process
 +
##**1 to 2.35
 +
##*Masked widescreen
 +
##**1 to 1.85
 +
##*Film-to-video conversion
 +
##**Examples from ''He Said, She Sai and Ronin''
 +
##**Letterboxing
 +
##**Pan-and-scan
 +
#Changes in Subject Matter (Content)
 +
#*Breakdown of Production Code

Revision as of 16:18, 17 April 2013

Drastically declining profits

  • Studios combined profits:
    • 1946 $121 million
    • 1956 $32 million
  • Actors under contract
    • 1947 742
    • 1956 229

Cause of the Decline

  1. "Baby Boom"
    • 1945-60
  2. Paramount Case
    • Hollywood film industry divided into:
      • Production
      • Distribution
      • Exhibition
      • Which was vertically integrated
    • Major studios:
      • MGM, Paramount, RKO, 20th Century-Fox, Warners
    • Minor studios:
      • Columbia, Universal, UA
    • For current studios, see "Box Office Report "
    • 1948 Supreme Court orders "divorcement"
      • Encourages "independent" production
        • 1958: 65% of US films created by indies
  3. House Un-American Activities Comm.--HUAC
    • 1947 Investigations begun into presumed communist activities
      • "Hollywood 10" refused to cooperate
      • Studios initially resisted HUAC, but soon caved in
    • 1951 HUAC returned
      • 90 persons testified
      • "Naming names"
      • Blacklisting began
  4. Rise of TV
    • 1947 14,000 TV sets in US
    • 1948 172,000
    • 1949 1,000,000
    • 1950 4,000,000
    • End of '50s: 90% of US homes

Response to and Effects of the Decline

  1. Technological innovations
    1. 3-D
    2. Color
      • 1935 Becky Sharp
        • First 3-color Technicolor feature film
      • 1950s inexpensive Eastmancolor developed
    3. Stereo sound
    4. Widescreen aspect ratios
      • Academy Ratio = 3 to 4
        • Same as TV
        • 1 to 1.33333333... or
        • 1.33
      • Cinerama
        • Three-projector system
      • CinemaScope--20th Century-Fox
        • Anamorphic process
        • 1 to 2.35
      • Masked widescreen
        • 1 to 1.85
      • Film-to-video conversion
        • Examples from He Said, She Sai and Ronin
        • Letterboxing
        • Pan-and-scan
  2. Changes in Subject Matter (Content)
    • Breakdown of Production Code
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